Polymers and telomers of silacyclobutanes



United States Patent US. Cl. 260-4482 11 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Silacyclobutanes and disilacyclobutanes are polymerized by reaction of the monomer in the presence of a platinumcontaining material as catalyst. Novel polymers and telomers are useful fluids, gums and resins. An example is the reaction of 1,l-dirnethyl-l-silacyclobutane and phenyldimethylsilane in the presence of chloroplatinic acid for 3 hours at 100 C. to produce (EH3 i 3 Sl onlornoms i H CH3 CH3 so This invention which is a continuation-in-part of US. application No. 377,492, filed June 24, 1964, now abandoned, relates to polymers and telomers of silacyclobutanes and disilacyclobutanes. The products of this invention are fluids, gums, and hard materials which are useful lubricants, resins, and dielectric fluids.

silacyclobutanes are known compounds which can generally be prepared by the following reaction:

where R is a monovalent hydrocarbon radical or a beta- (perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radical, and R is a lower alkyl radical or a hydrogen atom. Heating is generally not required, though the reaction often requires initiation with a trace of methyl iodide.

By this reaction, silacyclobutanes such as 1,1 dimethyll silacyclobutane; 1,3 dirnethyl 1 phenyl 1 silacyclobutane; 1,1,3 trimethyl 1 silacyclobutane; 1-trifiuoropropyl 1 vinyl 3 propyl 1 silacyclobutane; l-octadecyl 1 tolyl 3 ethyl 1 silacyclobutane; etc. can be formed.

1,1-diphenyl 1 silacyclobutane, among others, can be made by reacting phenylmagnesium bromide with 1,1-dichloro 1 silacyclobutane in tetrahydrofuran. The reaction proceeds at room temperature.

Disilacyclobutanes can be made by a similar reaction to the one above, using as a starting product one or more silanes of the formula RzSlCHzCl where R is as defined above.

This invention relates to a method of polymerizing a compound of the formula selected from the group consisting of CH /CE1 RgSi CHR' and RaSi SiRg CH3 CH1 where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation Patented May 20, 1969 and beta(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals, and R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals and hydrogen atoms, comprising contacting said compound under substantially anhydrous conditions with such amount of (b) A platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent of platinum present, based on the weight of (a)+(b).

The polymers produced by the above process contain units of the formula Copolymers can be made by starting with a mixture of more than one type of ingredient (a).

Other copolymerizable ingredients can be added in minor amounts to the reaction mixture, if desired. For example, although presence of aliphatic unsaturation inhibits the polymerization reaction of this application, silacyclobutanes and disilacyclobutanes which contain aliphatically unsaturated substituents, e.g.

can be added in minor amounts of about 10 mole percent or less to ingredient (a) to obtain copolymers which contain a few aliphatically unsaturated substituent groups.

R can be any monovalent hydrocarbon radical e.g., alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isohexyl, and octadecyl; alicyclic radicals such as cyclohexyl and cyclopentyl, and aromatic-containing radicals such as phenyl, xenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, and benzyl. R can also be any beta- (perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radical such as 3,3,3 trifluoropropyl, beta(perfiuoroethyl)ethyl, (i.e.

beta (perfiuorohexyhethyl, and beta (perfluorooctyl) ethyl.

R can be a hydrogen atom or any lower alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, or hexyl.

(b) Can be any platinum-containing material as defined above such as chloroplatinic acid, complexes of platinum and olefins, complexes of platinum and amines, platinum adsorbed on carbon or alumina, platinum powder, platinum mesh, and other forms of metallic platinum. Preferably, the platinum should be in a finely divided state. It can be seen that the term platinum containing material includes platinum per se, compounds of platinum, and mixtures of platinum with other materials.

There is no upper limit to the amount of platinum allowable in the reaction mixture except for the unreasonable situation where a huge proportion of platinum dilutes the reactants to the vanishing point, but it is preferred for there to be at least 0.001 Weight percent of platinum present, based on the weight of (a) and (b).

The reaction temperature is likewise not critical, but it is preferred to run the reaction from to C. in order to get a rapid reaction rate. The reaction proceeds at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the product.

By substantially anhydrous conditions it is meant that water must not be added to the reaction mixture. The small amounts of water found in the air, etc. can be tolerated by the reaction.

This application also relates to the process of reacting, under substantially anhydrous conditions,

(1) From 0.001 to 80 mol percent of HSiR" with (2) From 20 to 99.999 mol percent of C II; where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta- (perfiuoroalkyl)ethyl radicals,

R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals and hydrogen atoms, and

R" is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation, halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy, and R-substituted siloxane radicals, in the presence of such amount of A platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent of platinum present, based on the weight of (a)+(b); whereby a material of the formula selected from the group consisting of is formed, where n has a value of at least 1 and X is a halogen atom.

11 preferably has a value of at least 10.

In the above process, and in the processes disclosed below, the value of it depends at least in part on the ratio of (1) to (2). The higher the proportion of (2), the larger the value of n. When approximately equimolar quantities of (1) and (2) are present, or there is more (1) than (2), n will equal 1 in a large proportion of the product.

Usually a number of products are recovered, n being of different values.

Examples of R and R are illustrated above.

R" can be any monovalent hydrocarbon radical free of aliphatic unsaturation, examples of which are illustrated above, as are examples of the platinum-containing material.

R" can also be any monovalent halohydrocarbon radical free of aliphatic unsaturation, i.e. haloalkyl radicals such as beta-chloroethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, beta-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl, and bromooctadecyl; haloalicyclic radicals such as chlorocyclohexyl and iodocyclohexyl; and haloaryl radicals such as chlorophenyl, bromonaphthyl, a,a,a-trifluorotolyl, and chlorobenzyl.

R likewise can be any halogen such as chlorine or fluorine; any alkoxy radical such as methoxy, ethoxy, or isohexoxy; any acyloxy radical such as acetate, formate, or butyrate; and any R-substituted siloxane radical, by which is meant any monovalent siloxane radical, the free valence being on a silicon-bonded oxygen atom, and the remaining valences being filled with R groups, as defined above.

Examples of these siloxane radicals include the pentamethyldisiloxy, 3,3,3-trifiuoropropyltetramethyldisiloxy, phenyltetramethyldisiloxy, octadecylhexamethyltrisiloxy, isopropyldecamethylpentasiloxy, and polymethyldecasiloxy groups.

The maximum ratio of platinum to the reaction mixture is not critical, nor is the reaction temperature. It is, however, preferred for there to be at least 0.001 weight p cent o plat num present in the reaction m xtu ..-based on the weight of (a) and (b). It is also preferred to run the reaction from to C. in order to get a rapid reaction rate. The reaction, however, also proceeds at below room temperature and at temperatures higher than 150 C.

The general product is The product X2HSi[CHzGHRCHzSIi :lx

(1) From 0.001 to 80 mol percent of HSiRQ, with (2) From 20 to 99.999 mol percent of RnSi where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta-(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals, and

R" is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation, halogen, alkoxy, acetoxy and R-substituted siloxane radicals, in the presence of such amount of A platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent of platinum present, based on the weight of (a)+(b); whereby a material of the formula selected from the group consisting of is formed, where n has a value of at least 1 and X is a halogen atom.

Examples of the R and R groups are shown above, as are examples of platinum-containing materials. It is once again preferred for n to have a value of at least 10.

This process proceeds under similar conditions, and with the same proportions of catalyst, as the previouslydisclosed reactions. It is once again preferred for there to be at least 0.001 weight percent of platinum present in the reaction mixture, based on the weight of (a) and (b) and for the reaction to run at a temperature of 80 to 150 C. in order to get a desirable reaction rate, though the reaction temperature is not critical to the functioning of the reaction.

The general product is R'asill'cmsiomsi H 4. 4.] There is also a special case of this reaction. The product XzHSi CHQSIiCHISi X i: R: a]

is formed, when all the R" g ups of i gredient are halogen. The reaction conditions and proportions of this special case reaction are similar to the general reaction. Examples of R, X, and platinum-containing materials are shown above.

The following examples are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention which is properly delineated in the appended claims.

Example 1 To 0.4361 gram of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane was added 0.0047 gram of a solution of chloroplatinic acid in dimethyl phthalate (1 weight percent Pt). This was sealed in a Pyrex glass tube.

The tube was heated at 100 C. for 3 hours. The product was found to be a polymer comprising CH3 [-iCHaCHzCHt-l I H: units.

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies showed that all the silacyclobutane was consumed.

Example 2 To 0.5 cc. of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane was added a trace of carbon with 0.25 weight percent adsorbed platinum. This was placed in a Pyrex glass tube, which was then heated at 100 C. for 2 /2 hours.

The residue was found to be a polymer comprising [SIiCH2CHzCH:-l

CH3 units.

Example 3 To 1.2 grams of 1,3-dimethyl-l-pheny1-1-silacyclobutane was added 0.01 gram of a solution of chloroplatinic acid in dimethyl phthalate (1 weight percent Pt). This was sealed in a Pyrex glass tube and heated at 100 C. for 2% hours. The product was dissolved in diethylether to extract it from the tube.

On evaporation of the ether, a transparent, odorless, fiowable, tacky material remained, being a polymer comprising r |--sioHl( 3HoHl CH:

Example 4 The following were sealed in a Pyrex glass tube: 0.3634 gram of 1,1,3-trimethyl-l-silacyclobutane and 0.0034 gram of a solution of chloroplatinic acid and dimethyl phthalate (1 weight percent Pt). This was heated at 100 C. for 3 hours to yield a colorless, transparent, tacky polymer comprising units.

a Ha units.

Example 5 The following were sealed in a Pyrex glass tube: 1.08 grams of 1,1-diphenyl-l-silacyclobutane and 0.01 gram of a solution of chloroplatinic acid and dimethyl phthalate (1 weight percent Pt). This was for 3 hours at 100 C. to yield a colorless, clear, tough polymer that would not readily dissolve in diethyl ether, but was slowly soluble in CCl or benzene.

No unreacted monomer remained.

0n evaporating a benzene solution of the polymer,

a tough, high-melting film resulted which was a polymer comprising units.

Example 6 When the following silacyclobutanes are contacted with 0.001 weight percent of finely-divided platinum, polymers comprising the following units result.

Example 7 Into a Pyrex glass tube were placed: 2.3 grams (2.3 10- mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 3.2 grams (2.3 10- mole) of phenyldirnethylsilane, and 0.05 gram of a solution of chloroplatinic acid and dimethyl phthalate (1 weight percent platinum). The tube was sealed and heated at C. for 6 hours. Analysis showed that all of the silacyclobutane was consumed, that some phenyldimethylsilane remained, and that a series of higher boiling compounds had been produced.

The two most abundant products were found to have the formulae:

CH: CH; @SliCHaCHzCHzShH (311 (SH: (H5 1.4910) and CH; CH! @SKCHzCHnCHaShhH Hl H n 1.4860).

Example 8 Into a Pyrex glass tube were placed: 0.6803 gram (6.8X10- mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 1.28 grams (6.7 10- mole) of diphenylmethylsilane, and 0.0184 gram of the chloroplatinic acid solution of Example 7. The tube was sealed and heated at 100 C. for 3 hours.

High-boiling products were recovered. The two most abundant products were siomomomsui and $112 (IJHa Si OHnCHaCHaSIi H 2 Example 9 Into a Pyrex glass tube were placed: 1.00 gram (1.0 10 mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 0.94

gram (1.0X10- mole) of dimethylchlorosilane, and 0.03 9

(11 1.4359) was recovered.

Example 10 Into a Pyrex glass tube were placed: 1.50 grams (1.50 10- mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 3.46

8 Example 11 Into a Pyrex glass tube were placed: 1.0 gram (1.0 10 mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 1.48 grams (1.0 10- mole) of pentamethyldisiloxane and 0.03 gram of the chloroplatinic acid solution of Example 7. The tube was sealed and heated for 3 hours at 100 C.

The two major products were $13.: (EH3 (01193310 SlCHzClIzCIIzblII H CH (" 1.4149) and Example 12 Into a Pyrex glass tube was placed 1.0 gram (1.0 10- mole) of 1,l-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutane, 0.03 gram (2.2 10 mole) of phenyldimethylsilane, and 0.01 gram of the chloroplatinic acid solution of Example 7. The tube was sealed and heated at 100 C. for 3 hours.

The product was dissolved in benzene. Analysis showed no trace of the reactants remaining. The benzene solution was evaporated in a vacuum desiccator, leaving a powdery solid with a melting point of 42.0 to 42.5 C. The product had the formula grams (3.0X10- mole) of methyldichlorosilaue, and CH: 0.04 gram of the chloroplatinic acid solution of Example @4. CHZCMHZSE. 7. The tube was sealed and heated at 100 C. for 3 hours. (l3H3 H3 Among the products present were CH3 in Example 13 (CH1) CISiCHZOHQCHESiH and (CHB)CISiICHICHZCHSIHH 1 The reaction of approximately equal amounts of the fol- H; CH3 1 lowing reactants in the presence of platinum at C.

gives the following products:

Reactants Products (a) 1,1,3-trimethyl-l-silacyclobutane CH3 CH @s'rornonoms'ru (114 14910) AH: (EH3 (EH3 Phenyldlmethylsilane.. CH3 CH SIHCHZCHCH2S|HZH (111. 1.4899) CH3 CH3 CH3 (b) 1,1,3-trimethyl-l-silacyclobutane CH3 CH3 (CHQgSiOShGHzCHCHzSiH (n 1.4194) CH3 CH3 CH3 Pentamethyldisiloxane CH CH (CH3)3S10 HCHzCHCHgflzH (11. 1.4396) 011 OH; 0H;

(0) 1,3-dimethyl-lhenyl-l-silacyelobutane CH3 @s'romonomsm (11,, 1.5350) CIH3 )Ha (3H3 Pnenyldimethylsllane.

(d) 1,1-dimethyl-l-silacyclobutaue CH;

Cl HSiCH CH OHzSiCl 01.

Trlchlorosilaue.

3,445,495 9 10 Example 14 the presence of platinum, the following products are When the following reactants are heated at 80 C. in formed: I

Reactants 1 Product CFaCHzCHzSiH H (OCHs): CF:CH CHzSlCHaCHzCHzlCHzCHzCF:

CH CFgCHgcHgsl CHz OF: 7 CF; EH 1 I 3H2 CH3 Hz CH CH caHn CFICHzCHzSiO S iO CFaCH2CH2S iO S iO -Si[CHaC-HCH2 AH: CH3 5 3H3 CH 5 O S1H rsFu 0 7 ('JH, (OlLJCHQg lHg -S i]-2H 13137 CH3 csFnCHaCHzsi CHC4Hq CmHuSiH (.lmole) CmHavSl CHgCHgCHzSl H CH1 CmHuSi CH2 (10 moles) l\ Q C B;- Br CuHla CH: CH: -s:u1 0.1 mole) CH; @inonu'mom-slnm CH2 S Sl CHCnHu (fimoles) I CH2 CH3 See footnotes at end of table.

Reactants l p t Br: o u S 1H (0.1 mole) HSl[CH7CH2CH2s l ]Br J z zen CH1 CuHuSl CHz (m0les) CH: C 1

(f) Dlpheuylmethylsllane 1 Equimolar parts except where stated.

Example 15 (b) Substitution of the phenyldimethylsilane ingredi- (a) The following was placed in a Pyrex glass tube: ent in the reaction of (a) above with dimethylchlorosilane 022 gram of results in the production of (CHa) Si\ si(oH4): CH3

C a 0.21 gram of phenyldimethylsilane, and 0.0061 gram of (OHMSCHSICH'SIH platinum in the form of chloroplatinic acid which has been 1 reduced with pentamethyldisiloxane. The tube was heated for 3% hours at C. to yield a high-boiling product of the formula Example 16 i 'i Wh m 11 tt htdtC' en e o owmg reac an s are eae 0 1n @slcmslcmslfl 50 the presence of platinum, the following products are formed:

s): (llFz We (8) 1131016 01 HSlCHzCHzCFa CH3 (6H: o :Hfl OH:

/C 2 moles of CFaCHzCHzSl SlCHnCHzCFa lyst.

H m a'l Cm u (O C CH:) 2 (CHs)sS1O Si[CH2SiCH2-Sl]3H (b) lmole 01' HSiOSKCHa): Q213 H 3 moles of C1sHa7Si 810 11 H2 C2H6 (c) lmole of HSiCla HClzSi CHzSiCHzSi Cl /C{[2 L 1 70 moles 0! @Si Si@ I CH CH2 CH3 (CzH )z (C2H5) CH3 CH3 ((1) 0.1 mole of CroHnSiH CwHn HCHrSiCHzSihauH CH3 CH moles of (CH3)2S1 Sl(CHs)2 Example 17 Example 19 A mixture of 15.7 g. of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane (prepared in 51% yield by the procedure of Kriner, J. Org. Chem., 29, 1601 (1964) and 0.20 g. of platinum on carbon was heated in a 200 ml. flask under nitrogen. A vigorously exothermic polymerization occurred as the temperature reached 90 C. which carried the flask temperature to 150 C. The resulting polymer was dissolved in carbon tetrachloride and hexane and filtered. Removal of the solvent at reduced pressure gave 12.8 g. of a clear, pliable polymer. This polymer, which resembles polyisobutylene, will flow during a period of several days at The infrared spectrum of the polymer showed the expected strong absorption characteristic of SiCH -Si at 9.5 (This absorption is displaced to 10.7;4 in the highly strained disilacyclobutane.) The H n.m.r. spectrum showed the expected singlets at 1- 10.24 and 9.95 for SiCH Si and SiCH respectively, in a ratio of 1.94:6.00 (These absorptions are shifted to 1' 10.00 and 9.77 in the disilacyclobutane), indicating that the polymer consisted of CH3 CH3 [-siCms iCHP] H; CH3 units.

Similar polymers were produced by heating 1,1,33- tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane at 100 C. for 16 hr. with catalytic amounts of chloroplatinic acid dissolved in isopropyl alcohol. No polymerization of this heterocyclic occurred at 100 C. in the absence of the platinum cata- Example 18 Equivalent results are obtained when the above disilacyclobutane is replaced with 1,3-bis-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl- 1,3-dirnethyl-l,3-disilacyclobutane. The resulting polymers are less readily soluble in hydrocarbon solvents than the product of Example 17.

To a mixture of 142.4 g. of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane and 1.886 g. of 1-vinyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3- disilacyclobutane, there was added 6 drops of an 18 weight percent solution of chloroplatinic acid in dimethyl phthalate, while the mixture was maintained at 96 C.

A gum was formed in one minute which consisted essentially of CH3 CH3 [-sicmsic H2--] units, but which contained a minor number of CH3 CH3 [SlCH2 iCHa-l H=CH9 CH3 units.

Example 20 Equivalent results are obtained to the above when the 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane ingredient is replaced with 200 g. of 1-[3,3,3-trifluoropropyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane, the gum product consisting primarily of der substantially anhydrous conditions,

(a) from 0.001 to 80 mol percent of HSiR" with from 20 to 99.999 mol percent of where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta(perfiuoroalkyl)ethyl radicals, R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals and hydrogen atoms, and R" is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation halogen, alkoxy, acyloxy, and R-substituted siloxane radicals, in the presence of such amount of (b) a platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent, based on the weight of (a)+(b), present; whereby a material of the formula selected from the group consisting of is formed, where n has a value of at least 1 and X is a halogen atom. 2. The polymerization process comprising reacting, under substantially anhydrous conditions,

(a) from 0.001 to 80 mol percent of HSIR" with from 20 to 99.999 mol percent of where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta (perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals, and R" is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation, halogen alkoxy, acetoxy, and R-substituted siloxane radicals, in the presence of such amount of (b) a platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent, based on the weight of (a)+(b), presently; whereby a material of the formula selected from the group consisting of R",si[cH,siH,Si 1H and XaHSiI'lGHrSRCHzSi ]X is formed, where n has a value of at least 1 and X is a halogen atom. 3. A composition of the formula selected from the group consisting of R":Si CHaCHR'CHaSi H a]. and

XIHSi omonnomsl X where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals,

R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals and hydrogen atoms,

R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation, halogen, alkoxy, acetoxy, and R-substituted siloxane radicals,

X is a halogen atom, and

n has a value of at least 10.

4. The composition of claim 3 having the general formula 5. A composition of the formula selected from the group consisting of R";Si[CH:S|iCH:SiInH and Xnrsiw H1510 msnnx I I where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals,

R" is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon and halohydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation, halogen, alkoxy, acetoxy, and

R-substituted siloxane radicals,

X is a halogen atom and n has a value of at least 10.

6. The composition of claim 5 having the general formula xlrrsuomslcmsnnx R1 R5 7. A method of polymerizing a compound of the formula (a) CH:

Rzsi )CHR \CH: where R is selected from the group consisting of monovalent hydrocarbon radicals free of aliphatic unsaturation and beta(perfluoroalkyl)ethyl radicals and R is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl radicals and hydrogen atoms, comprising contacting said compound under substantially anhydrous conditions with said amount of (b) a platinum-containing material that there is at least 0.0001 weight percent of platinum present, based on the weight of (a)+(b). 8. The method of claim 7 where (a) is l,1dimethyl-1- silacyclobutane.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein (a) is 1,1-diphenyll-silacyclobutane.

1d0. The method of claim 7 where (b) is chloroplatinic ac1 11. The method of claim 7 wherein there is added to (a) a minor amount of 1,3,3-trimethyl-1-vinyl-1,3-disilacyclobutane before polymerization.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,618,646 11/1952 Hatchet et al. 260-448.2 2,850,514 9/1958 Knoth 260-4482 3,046,291 7/1962 Sommer 260-4482 3,139,448 6/1964 Hardy et a1. 260-4482 3,178,392 4/1965 Krinet 260-4482 XR 3,293,194 12/ 1966 Lovie et al 260-4482 XR 3,398,178 8/1968 Nelson 260-4482 TOBIAS E. LEVOW, Primary Examiner. U. P. PODGORSKI, Assistant Examiner.

US. Cl. X.R. 252-496; 260-465 

